Introduction
Parascaris equorum is the ascarid of horses. It is widespread and common in young horses; it may contribute to ill-thrift and occasionally causes death by obstruction. P. equorum is a large nematode, females being up to 50 cm long. The life cycle resembles that of A. suum. Similarly, hepatic and pulmonary lesions are associated with larval migration, and coughing may occur at the time larvae are in the lungs, particularly if infections are heavy. The prepatent period is ∼10-15 weeks.
Host- Horse
Location- Smell intestine
Morphology
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is the ascarid of horses. It is widespread and common in young horses; it may contribute to ill-thrift and occasionally causes death by obstruction. P. equorum is a large nematode, females being up to 50 cm long. The life cycle resembles that of A. suum. Similarly, hepatic and pulmonary lesions are associated with larval migration, and coughing may occur at the time larvae are in the lungs, particularly if infections are heavy. The prepatent period is ∼10-15 weeks.
Host- Horse
Location- Smell intestine
Order
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Ascaridida
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Super Family
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Ascaridoidea
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Family
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Ascarididae
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Genus
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Ascaris
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Family character
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Large nematode, buccal capsule is absent. Mouth is surrounded by 3 lips. Oesophagus is devoid of posterior bulb.
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Morphology
- Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The tail end of male has numerous precloacal papillae and 5 pairs of postcloacal papillae. Median papillae also present. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. mouth is Surrounded by 3 lips. They are separated by intermediate lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions. The eggs of Parascaris equorum are almost spherical and have a brownish color. The eggs contain a 1-celled zygote and are between 90-100 microns in size.
Life cycle
- A single female lays abo two lakhs eggs per day. Eggs are passed in the faeces of host and develop to infective stage in about 10 days or above depending upon the environmental temperature.
- The eggs are resistant to adverse conditions like drying, freezing and chemicals and remain viable for 5 years.
- The infection of host by ingestion of embryonated eggs containing L2 larva. Ingested egg hatch in the intestine and liberate L2.
- The liberated L2 penetrate the intestinal wall reach the peritoneal cavity and then to liver. Majority of L2 reach the liver via hepatoportal system.
- From the liver, the larvae carried to the right atrium via superior venacava by blood and then to lungs.
- In the lungs larvae are arrested in the capillaries where the L2 moult to L3. These L3 break out of the alveolar capillaries and pass through alveolar duct and small bronchioles. Then the larvae gradually ascend the bronchial tree and reach the trachea. From the trachea the larvae migrate to pharynx and mouth and finally swallowed to reach the intestine. This migration is called as, “Tracheal migration”.
- Large number of L3 reach intestine in about 7 to 8 days after infection.
- In the intestine L3 moult to L4 in about 14 to 21 days and L4 to L5 in about 21 to 29 days. The worms reach maturity in about 50 to 55 days. Eggs appear in faeces in about 62 days.
- In P. equorum, the worm reach maturity in 80 to 83 days
Pathogenesis
- Foals 3 to 9 months of age are commonly affected. Heavy infection causes coughing and circulating eosinophilia. Adult worm causes catarrhal enteritis and foetid diarrhoea.
- General malaise, debility and pot belly may occur. Hair Coat becomes very rough, sometimes the adult worms enter into the bile duct causing jaundice and also the adult worm enter into the intestinal wall causing generalized or localized peritonitis.
Diagnosis
- by identification of adult parasites.
- demonstration of eggs in faeces.
Treatment
Thiabendazole – 44 mg/Kg b wt. - Mebendazole – 10 mg/Kg b wt.
Control
- Foals must be kept in clean paddock and should not be allowed to graze along with the mother. The pregnant mare should be treated for ascaris before foaling.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
Parascaris equorum is large, cylindrical, and has a cuticle with three layers made of collagen and other compounds that protect the worm from the acids in the digestive tracts of animals. The adult male ranges from 15-28 cm. The females are much larger and can grow up to 50 cm. Parascaris equorum has three very large lips. Each of these lips has a transverse groove or labial sinus on the lateral margins, which divide the lip into apical and basal regions.
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